The former player: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but said it could not collect sufficient evidence to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to media he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just learn to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has given considerable attention on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
All Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming cultures, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with free sports coaching, guidance and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will become about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I grab the challenge by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that rugby has the ability to transform their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022